50360 Renal allotransplantation, implantation of graft; without recipient nephrectomy 50365 Renal allotransplantation, implantation of graft; with recipient nephrectomy 50380 Renal autotransplantation, reimplantation of kidney 50547 Laparoscopy, surgical; donor nephrectomy (including cold preservation), from living donor ICD-9 Procedure: A single ICD-10 code for kidney transplant rejection (T86. Introduction. 8, 68. While these technologies are new, large and multicenter studies have supported their use in renal and heart transplantation as minimally and non-invasive methods to assess allograft status, modify immunosuppression regimens, and avoid unnecessary biopsies. DOI: 10. The prevalence of post-transplant hypertension among recipients of a renal allograft from a normotensive donor range from 8 to 17. Automated technology has the potential to revolutionize many aspects of kidney transplantation, such as precision diagnosis of allograft dysfunction, and multidisciplinary research is a promising. INTRODUCTION Graft Loss and Mortality. Delayed graft function. Backbench reconstruction of cadaver or living donor renal allograft prior to transplantation; ureteral anastomosis, each. Type 1 Excludes. The death-censored 10-year allograft failure rates in USA are approximately 20. ICD-10. Kidney donor. There were 48 patients without DSAs; of those with DSAs, ABMR emerged in 20. Chronic renal failure after liver transplantation (LT) is significantly more frequent than after lung or heart transplantation and it results in an increased short and long-term mortality. Other transplanted organ and tissue status. ICD-10 code T86. 9, and 47. Transplantation. A more recent analysis from a USRDS cohort of 17 584 recipients of a second kidney transplantation, of which 20% of recipients received a pre-emptive retransplantation, showed that pre-emptive recipients had less acute rejection (12% versus 16%; P < 0. It accounts for 1–5% cases of post-transplant hypertension [2–4]. Due to transplantation of foreign donor kidney allograft into recipient Clinical features. In terms of kidney function, KT recipients with a longer functional graft showed lower stages of depression 33. A large proportion (63–100%) of E. As a response to injury, there are the expected tissue remodeling and repair processes. 12 became effective on October 1, 2023. The investigators. The main purpose of induction therapy has been to decrease the incidence, severity, and frequency of acute rejection (AR) episodes after transplantation with the intent of prolonging the life of the allograft. ICD-10 codes contraindicated for this CPB (not all-inclusive): A00. Candidates for this combined procedure are typically younger than 50 years and do not have significant coronary artery disease (CAD). 1 The optimal treatment of AMR remains uncertain, in part caused by continuously evolving diagnostic. The liver graft is the most well-tolerated, from an immunological perspective, of all solid organ transplants. 80 had higher mortality than those with a resistive index of less than 0. Showing 1-25: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code Z94. 100) was present in 84% of true kidney transplant rejections and is an accurate way of. 97). For kidney allograft failure, the survival time was calculated from the date of transplant to the date of graft failure defined by a return to dialysis, kidney retransplant, or patient death. Chronic allograft injury includes both immune-mediated and nonimmune-mediated injuries, which may involve the organ donor, the recipient, or both. 83 Pancreas transplant status. Radiologists play an integral role within the multidisci-plinary team in care of the transplant patient at every stage of the transplant process. Baseline Characteristics. 1%, 92. According to data from the OPTN, for individuals receiving primary kidney transplants between 2008 and 2015, the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 97. T86. Hence, the coder would assign 996. Ten kidney transplant recipients tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by polymerase chain reaction, and 9 were admitted. 9% and 86. 1. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) revolutionized the treatment of cancer and have changed the. 5%) of donors met Public Health Service (PHS) increased risk criteria. 5 Thus, it is not surprising that AMR was the most common cause of allograft failure in a cohort of renal transplant recipients with indication biopsies before graft failure. Effective and. 5% to 25% of liver transplant recipients, 4% to 40% of heart transplant recipients, and 30% to 35% of lung transplant recipients. Z94. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Z94. The level of function of a transplanted kidney in the immediate postoperative period is correlated with long-term graft and patient survival [1–4]. Z94. Urinary tract infection in kidney transplant recipients. Subsequently, we studied 696 consecutive adult kidney allograft recipients that were grouped according to allograft type and histology at time-zero biopsy [DRTx/suboptimal histology (n = 194. 61, I71. The total number of living kidney transplant recipients with a functioning graft is projected to surpass 250,000 in the next few years. Early Course of the Patient with a Kidney Transplant. 73 m 2) after liver transplantation (LT) is 22% after 5 years and this is significantly higher than after lung or heart transplantation [1]. Acute rejection and allograft loss occurred within 12 d of initiation. 1 Introduction. T86. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and levels of proteinuria are shown as measured after transplantation of the allograft in the first recipient, Patient 1 (beginning on day 0), and after. ICD-10-CM Codes. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Z48. Filiponi, T. Despite improvements in surgical techniques, histocompatability testing and immunosuppressive regimens, allograft dysfunction remains the most common complication of renal transplantation. We examined the ICD-10 T86. 84 became effective on October 1, 2023. 78 mins (range of 52 to 111) versus 222 mins (range of 74 to 326). There is a lack of data comparing transplant recipients with a failing graft to nontransplant controls with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Increasing donor or recipient age, repeat transplantation, and CIT >12 h were. Methods Computerized records from Taichung Veterans General Hospital were collected to identify renal transplant biopsies performed in the past 7 years. It has been estimated that 70% of kidney transplant recipients will experience an infection episode within the first 3 years after transplantation (Dharnidharka et al. 23 became effective on October 1, 2023. The following ICD-10-CM code has been added to the article: Group 2: I1A. 85 may differ. 89 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 19 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 2% and 3. Various factors influence the graft survival, infections being most common. DGF was associated with increased odds of graft failure, acute rejection, and mortality. 404A [convert to ICD-9-CM] Unspecified injury of right renal vein, initial encounter. 12 became effective on October 1, 2023. The kidney is the most commonly transplanted solid organ. Medical. Therefore, the current study aimed to analyze if PTDM increases mortality and graft failure by pooling multivariable-adjusted data from individual studies. After the first. ABSTRACT. Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a significant contributor to graft loss in kidney transplant recipients and accounts for up to 76% of death-censored graft failures beyond the first year of transplantation. Introduction. 3 However, the improvements in overall graft survival are primarily attributed to improvements in. Kidney transplant failure. Z1 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Z94. D,Use being made of the external iliac vein of the cadaveric donor. 68 In the United States, the. Free Full Text; Web of Science; Medline; Google. Kidney transplant is the gold standard for the treatment of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), but 10-year kidney allograft and patient survival remains suboptimal, at only 50% for deceased donors and 80% for living donor transplants Citation 1. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of T86. With currently used combination therapies, 1 year acute rejection rates have decreased to 10 - 15% Sites. , early detection of graft dysfunction, timely identification of rejection episodes, personalization of immunosuppressive therapy, and prediction of long-term graft survival. Purpose of Review This review provides a critical literature overview of the risks and benefits of transplantectomy in patients with a failed allograft. It appears in 0. His urinary symptoms decreased after intravenous hydration and. Reports of the high prevalence of hyperlipidemia go back as far as 1973[]. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Z52. In the transplant, timing is less straightforward. Transplant rejection can be classified as hyperacute, acute, or chronic. Z94. The return to dialysis after allograft failure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. ICD-PCS (Procedure Coding System) codes are used for facility reporting of hospital inpatient procedures in relation to kidney. Z1) ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code Z94. 12 - other international versions of ICD-10 T86. 5 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Skin transplant status. Z94. While several. ICD-10: T86: Reference: PMID:11544006 (TNF, IL10, TGFB, IFNG, HLA-DMA. 100 for kidney transplant rejection or as T86. Z94. 9% and 86. Hospital admission following acute kidney injury in kidney transplant recipients is associated with a negative impact on graft function after 1-year. CD8+ and CD4+ T cells of donor and recipient origin are present in the renal allograft. By 10 years, after kidney transplant, up to 25% have developed de novo DSA (dnDSA). The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database in the USA shows that 50% of patients with delayed graft function start to recover renal function by day 10 after transplantation, whereas 33% regain function by day 10–20, and 10–15% do so subsequently. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM T86. 82 Intestine transplant status. These results in this meta-analysis could help inform the selection process, treatment, and monitoring of transplanted kidneys at high risk of DGF. N Engl J Med 2005;353: 2342-2351. Renal impairment may occur. The use of dd-cfDNA as a marker of allograft rejection in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is further supported by a case from Hurkmans et al, 11 who described a kidney transplant recipient treated with nivolumab (anti-PD-1) for metastatic melanoma. However, its impact on mortality and graft survival is still ambiguous. The immune system makes antibodies to try to kill the new organ, not realizing that the transplanted kidney is beneficial. It can appear in a systemic form, with hemolytic microangiopathic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure, or in a localized form, with progressive. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is well recognized as an important cause of kidney injury, with specific. 84 Stem cells transplant status. 82: Awaiting organ transplant status [liver] Z94. 101 for kidney transplant failure. 0 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Kidney transplant status. 04 years (range, 18–60 years) with 66. et al. This was a case of transmission from a HCV Ab+ NAT+. The International Classification of Diseases, 9 th revision, Clinical Modification code (ICD-9 CM) was used to identify all kidney transplant recipients (ICD-9-CM code V420, diagnosis [DX]2-DXn) admitted for treatment of sepsis (ICD-9-CM code 0380-0389, DX1). We retrospectively analysed 189 patients (113 males; mean age: 49. ItAllograft recipients with a resistive index of at least 0. Among 106 patients included in the study (mean follow up 4. 50547 Z94. The ICD-10 code for graft failure (T86. Most kidney transplant recipients can return to work and other normal activities within eight weeks after transplant. 1-3 Effective immunosuppressive drugs, along with attention to cardiovascular disease 4 and prophylaxis against infection, 5 have significantly reduced rates of acute rejection (15. Summary Background Data. A total of 2820 transplant kidney biopsies were performed at our center between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2019. 0 to 19. Epidemiologic studies have shown that up to 90% of some human populations become exposed to BK virus by adulthood. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of Z52. T86. Stuart J. Hospital admission following acute kidney injury in kidney transplant recipients is associated with a negative impact on graft function after 1-year. Risk factors for chronic rejection in renal allograft recipients. Despite increased rates of delayed graft function (DGF) after DCD kidney transplantation, first-time recipients of DCD kidneys (n = 739) or DBD kidneys (n = 6,759) showed no difference in 5-year graft survival (HR 1. (should be performed on every allograft renal biopsy specimen)Antibody mediated rejection (AMR) poses a significant and continued challenge for long term graft survival in kidney transplantation. T86. Right renal artery injury. 41: Liver transplant rejection: Z76. Delayed graft function (DGF) is an early manifestation of renal allograft injury and is a relatively common complication seen after deceased donor kidney transplantation (DDKT) 1. Compared to 1 graft loss in the HCV + kidney group, there were a total of 6 graft losses in HCV − kidney recipients, which also supports the safety of transplanting kidneys from HCV + donors to noninfected recipients. During the past decades, patient and graft survival after KT has considerably improved [1,2], mainly due to the availability of new immunosuppressive (IS) drugs. We examined the ICD-10 T86. The non-modifiable factors are the same that may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes in the general population, whilst the modifiable factors. RCC post-RT can adversely affect. Additionally, it offers a summary of related problems, primarily alloantibody sensitization in the event of nephrectomy and immunosuppression weaning. Policy Applicable CPT / HCPCS / ICD-10 Codes Background References Policy Scope of Policy This Clinical Policy Bulletin addresses pancreas kidney transplantation. 99:. Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes 410–447 . Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in kidney transplant recipients. In the immediate postoperative period, duplex US is the modality of choice for evaluating the renal allograft. Recipients were followed up to graft failure, death, or end of follow up at 5 years post transplantation, whichever was earliest. 19 - other international versions of ICD-10 T86. K. 12 is a valid billable ICD-10 diagnosis code for Kidney transplant failure . FY 2016 - New Code, effective from 10/1/2015 through 9/30/2016. There are 3 approaches to surgical placement of a renal allograft: (1) extraperitoneal, (2) transperitoneal, and (3) intraperitoneal. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Z94. BK virus is a human polyomavirus of high prevalence and low morbidity with an estimated prevalence in adults of 80– 90% ( 120 ). 4) and 1 procedural code for kidney procurement/excision (1PC58, 1PC89, 1PC91). 19) T86. 1, 2 Prompt diagnosis and remedial treatment are vital to prevent graft loss. Nankivell, in Kidney Transplantation (Sixth Edition), 2008 SUMMARY. 4: Liver transplantation status [not covered for the use of everolimus to prevent organ rejection]One of the major causes of late graft loss in renal transplant recipients is chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) [ 3–5] (Figure 1). For eligible patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment option as it is associated with improved long-term survival, better quality of life, and lower health care costs compared with chronic dialysis. The revised Banff 2017 classification of ABMR defines active (previously called acute) and chronic active ABMR as conditions in which histologic evidence of acute and chronic injury is. 19 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Use type of bill (TOB) 11X. 1%, 92. 21 for ED due to a mental disturbance. T86. Methods This population-based cohort study was conducted from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2009. 1%, 92. 29:. However, vascular complications can impact renal allograft outcomes. T86. 1964267. 19 : S00-T88. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the spine just below the rib cage. Includes: organ or tissue replaced by heterogenous or homogenous transplant. 3 Moreover, in a multicenter cohort study, antibody-mediated damage caused allograft. Use 50340 for Recipient Nephrectomy. 11 - other international versions of ICD-10 T86. BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) is a serious opportunistic infection threatening renal function especially during the first year after transplantation. 61, I71. 4 mg/dL, and proteinuria. Recent Findings Transplant nephrectomy has high morbidity and mortality rates. 5 Thus, it is not surprising that AMR was the most common cause of allograft failure in a cohort of renal transplant recipients with indication biopsies before graft failure. 2%) study participants throughout the study period (incidence rate 33 transfusions per 100 person-years). transplant patient in the context of both donor and recipient risk factors. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Z94. Kidney transplantation (KT) is the best choice for patients with end-stage renal disease. 4 - other international versions of ICD-10 Z94. CMV infection has been deemed a major cause of graft rejection in post-renal transplant recipients. 9 may differ. FY 2016 - New Code, effective from 10/1/2015 through 9/30/2016. 81 Bone marrow transplant status. Rationale and Objective. Search Results. Provide the standard kidney acquisition charge on revenue code 081X. 0: Kidney transplant status [not covered for prediction of graft outcomes in kidney transplantation] Urinary. Complications of surgical and medical care, not elsewhere classified. 19 became effective on. A kidney transplant involves the surgical removal of a kidney from a deceased or living donor and implantation into a recipient. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM T86. " Long description: "Acute graft versus host disease due to kidney transplant; Acute on chronic graft versus. Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes. Report 50325, for removal of excess tissue and fat from the kidney(s) to be transplanted Backbench standard preparation of cadaver donor renal allograft prior to transplantation Aorta Vena cava Kidney Ureter Bladder ICD-10-CM Diagnostic Codes Z52. 2007). 1 became effective on October 1, 2023. Under Article Text revised the title of the table to read, “Solid Organ Allograft Rejection Tests that meet coverage criteria of policy L38568” and revised the table to add the last row. 83 to 52. According to data from the OPTN, for individuals receiving primary kidney transplants between 2008 and 2015, the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 97. . Chronic allograft nephropathy is the generic term to describe chronic interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy commonly seen in kidney transplants, which is responsible for most allograft losses, excluding recipient death. 002). 63 Put a suture on the bilateral edge of the. H/o: skin recipient; History of skin transplant; Autogenous skin transplant status. Abstract. 0001) ; pre. In some patients, these treatments, along with other advances in care, have transformed fatal disease into treatable and preventable disease 1-3 After transplantation, patients are placed on. Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes. 500 results found. 1) years. Patients often present with fever, splenomegaly anemia,. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of Z94. Most data on CNI nephrotoxicity pertain to cyclosporine since it has been used for a much longer time. Chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a leading cause of graft failure in kidney transplant recipients [1, 2]. Transplant renal biopsy carries a lower complication rate than native renal biopsy. New-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation (NODAT) is a frequent complication in kidney allograft recipients. 12 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. T86. 24 × 10 7 and 1. Lymphocytes were isolated from the rejected renal allografts and subsequently stained and analysed by flow. The total number of living kidney transplant recipients with a functioning graft is projected to surpass 250,000 in the next few years. Compared to dialysis, kidney transplantation is associated with reduced mortality and. The best algorithm for identifying living kidney donors was the presence of 1 diagnostic code for kidney donor (ICD-10 Z52. During a 50340 procedure, the patient, which is the kidney recipient, is placed in the supine position. However, progressive kidney allograft functional deterioration remains unchanged despite of. 0: Malignant neoplasm of extrahepatic bile duct: T86. 14S2. Little is known about fetal outcomes and data is particularly scarce on childrens´ early development up to two years when born to kidney/−pancreas. Case Report. Kidney allograft failure is one of the most common causes of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), accounting for 25 to 30 percent of patients awaiting kidney transplantation. N Engl J Med 2005;353: 2342-2351. A kidney transplant involves the surgical removal of a kidney from a deceased or living donor and implantation into a recipient. 100), and the first date. 9 became effective on October 1, 2023. Methods. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing in most countries and kidney transplantation is the best option for those patients requiring renal replacement therapy. Factors influencing health status and contact with health services. 9 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Transplanted organ and tissue status (Z94) Kidney transplant status (Z94. Epub 2020 Sep 25. language English. UTIs may impair overall graft and patient survival. A follow-up second renal allograft biopsy 4 months later after BAS. 9 Acute kidney failure, unspecified. 4%, respectively . The definition of DGF is not consistent in the literature. e. 3 locus was found to be associated with rejection independently of HLA mismatch and other clinical risk factors. The provider does not remove a kidney (nephrectomy) from the recipient. Compared to the reference standard, this algorithm had a sensitivity of 97% and a PPV of 90%. showed that CMV infection causes a 1. Introduction. Morbidity and mortality from UTI can be caused by recurrent. [ Read More ] En Bloc Kidney. For patient death, patients were followed up until death or. Background Following kidney transplantation, BK virus associated nephropathy (BKVN) occurs in 1 to 10% of kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and represents a major cause of graft loss. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of T86. Characteristics of kidney transplant recipients with Covid–19. 5%. Despite numerous advances in cellular, tissue, and solid organ transplantation and the development of new immunosuppressive drugs for the prevention of allograft rejection, transplant recipients, however, continue to be at. 0001) and delayed graft function (DGF) (8% versus 23%; P < 0. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of T86. 2 may differ. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM T86. Renal disease in the allograft recipient. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code T86. However, the effect of the severity of anemia on this associations was not thoroughly evaluated. Main outcome measures Pregnancy outcome, kidney. 19 may differ. By 10 years, virtually all allografts will have evidence of CNI nephrotoxicity. Abstract. T86. ICD-10-CM Codes. BK virus was first isolated in 1970 from a kidney transplant recipient with a ureteric stricture. However, in immunocompromised patients, BKPyV can reactivate, and in some, lead to BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN). According to data from the OPTN, for individuals receiving primary kidney transplants between 2008 and 2015, the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 97. In addition to the usual causes of AKI in native kidneys, certain features and risk factors are unique to kidney allografts. 9. A kidney transplant involves the surgical removal of a kidney from a deceased or living donor and implantation into a recipient. 7% of death censored graft failure in renal transplant patients. In this study, ICD-8 (59010) and ICD-10 (DN109 and DN129) were used to identify hospitalisation of patients with pyelonephritis. Acute and Chronic Allograft Dysfunction in Kidney Transplant Recipients Med Clin North Am. 10528 Background: Renal transplant (RT) recipients are at an increased risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC), mainly due to iatrogenic immunosuppression and changes in immune surveillance. Transplanted organ and tissue status, unspecified. 12 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. . Delayed graft function (DGF) refers to the acute kidney injury that occurs in the first week of kidney transplantation, which necessitates dialysis intervention. PTA is associated with increased graft loss and in most studies with increased mortality. Factors influencing health status and contact with health services. Among recipients of a kidney from a deceased donor, the incidence of delayed allograft function at 2 weeks (defined as persistent oliguria, a decrease in the serum creatinine level of less than 0. Allograft dysfunction after a kidney transplant is often clinically asymptomatic and is usually detected as an increase in serum creatinine level with corresponding decrease in glomerular filtration rate. Increasing donor or recipient age, repeat transplantation, and CIT >12 h were. 97). This revision is retroactive effective for dates of service on or after 10/5/2021. We aim at identifying factors associated with biopsy proven BKVN among KTR. A single ICD-10 code for kidney transplant rejection (T86. Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is an important metabolic complication after KT that causes graft failure and cardiovascular complications in kidney transplantation (KT) recipients. 13 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Kidney transplant infection. By 10 years, after kidney transplant, up to 25% have developed de novo DSA (dnDSA). Infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation. Median time from transplant to. Methods: We developed an algorithm to detect AMR using the 2006-2011 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) using ICD-10 and billing codes as. Renal allotransplantation; implementation of graft, excluding donor and recipient nephrectomy. 9% and 86. Viral diseases represent another class of nonalloimmune causes of graft failure, especially the human polyomavirus BK, which causes polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN) in up to 10% of renal transplant recipients. Several studies in kidney, liver, heart, and small bowel allograft recipients have demonstrated that low ATP levels (≤225 ng/mL) correlate with infection, while high levels (≥ 525 ng/mL) are associated with rejection. 4 - other international versions of ICD-10 Z52. The 1-, 3-, and 5-yr actuarial kidney graft survival for patients with BKVN at our center (n = 58) was 94. Graft failure was defined as the start of dialysis or retransplantation and kidney function decline was defined as a doubling of serum creatinine. 810 - T86. The cumulative incidence of chronic renal failure (e GFR < 30 ml/min/1. coli isolates from renal allograft recipients have been shown to be resistant to trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. 01, 95% CI 0. 82, and deleted reference to 36-month period of entitlement. The mean age of renal transplant recipients (n = 152) was 38. Here, we review the causes of ureteral obstruction, the diagnostic process and the role of image-guided minimally. 11) T86. History of kidney transplant; History of renal transplant. It accounts for 1–5% cases of post-transplant hypertension [2–4]. Though there have been significant advances in immunosuppression in these patients, there is still up to 30% acute and subclinical rejection. This is substantially better than our earlier series of 89. The reactivation of BK virus in renal transplant recipients is largely asymptomatic, and routine surveillance especially in the first 12–24 months after transplant is necessary for early recognition and intervention. During our study period, among 5234 KT recipients, 568 subjects experienced incident. 218 The adjusted hazard ratios of. Methods. Current pillars of transplant monitoring are serum creatinine, proteinuria, and drug blood levels, which are considered as traditional markers, due to.